Why do some bakeries limit the number of specialty loaves baked each day?
A limited supply can be easier to predict than an unlimited demand.
Customers often interpret limited availability as a marketing strategy. Sometimes it is an operational strategy.
The hidden mechanism is forecasting asymmetry. Producing too few specialty loaves disappoints some customers, but producing too many can create expensive waste.
Imagine a bakery making walnut-cranberry sourdough that requires uncommon ingredients and lengthy preparation. Demand may vary dramatically from day to day.
A second-order effect develops when customers learn that quantities are limited. They adjust their behavior by arriving earlier, creating stronger and more visible demand signals that help future forecasting.
People often think scarcity reflects popularity. Sometimes scarcity reflects uncertainty.
